Writing
Thinking out loud about uncertainty, grounding, the physical economy, and what AI does inside government.
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Why active learning is the key to physical AI
The bottleneck for embodied AI, and for the next generation of language models, isn’t compute or data. It’s knowing what you don’t know.
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Grounding, and the hall of mirrors
Intelligence that never touches the world has nothing to correct it. Why physical grounding isn’t a nice-to-have but a safety property.
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From screens to atoms
Why the physical-AI economy (oceans, resources, space) will end up orders of magnitude larger than the digital one.
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AI is an allocator
Most consequential decisions are allocation decisions. Why that makes government, and housing in particular, the highest-leverage place to put AI to work.